Polygon Labs, the infrastructure team behind the Polygon ecosystem, recently revealed its latest innovation in the form of a Type 1 Zero-Knowledge Proving Ethereum Virtual Machine (zkEVM). This innovation promises improved scalability and compatibility with Ethereum, offering a cutting-edge solution for the blockchain.
What Is Blockchain Proof?
Proofs in the context of blockchain are computational entities that can verify the accuracy of information without needing to reveal the underlying data. They produce “proof” which is then verified by examiners, ensuring transparency and security in transactions.
Advantages of Type 1 Proof
Type 1 proof signifies the highest level of compatibility with the Ethereum blockchain. This means there is no need to make any changes to Ethereum to generate proofs, maintaining the existing storage structure, hash function and consensus logic. Brendan Farmer, co-founder of Polygon, explained that although Type 1 proofs require more computation, they significantly improve Ethereum's scalability.
Plonky2 and Future Plans
The Polygon team has spent over 16 months in the development of their proof system, Plonky2.
Looking ahead, they plan to release Plonky3 by the end of the year, which is expected to bring major performance improvements.
Licenses and Open Source
This Type 1 zkEVM proof is open source, available under the MIT and Apache 2.0 licenses. Both licenses provide great flexibility for users, with the requirement that users who make significant changes to the code must flag their modifications.
Integration and Compatibility
With Type 1 proof, the blockchain equivalent of EVM can become a zk layer-2 solution and be integrated into the Polygon ecosystem without the need for a network fork. It allows integration with blockchains such as Manta, Canto, and Celo. Additionally, Polygon's zkEVM proofs will be compatible with Type 2 zkEVMs at a lower cost.
Polygon Aggregation Layer
Polygon had introduced its aggregation layer in January, as an alternative to the existing scalability narrative. This layer is designed to centralize scalability around its unified AggLayer, providing better cross-chain UX.
Comparison with zkEVM Type 0
Polygon isn't the only team to introduce an architecture like this. Risc Zero, in August last year, introduced their “Type 0” zkEVM, offering an approach that allows developers to customize their zk stack. However, according to Farmer, this approach may be more expensive.
Performance Projections
Farmer projects that in the next few weeks, Polygon's zkEVM proof performance will improve by about 35% and become about 50 times more affordable than its competitors, marking a major step in the evolution of blockchain technology.
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